Crankshaft: A Key Engine Component

The crankshaft is one of the key components of an engine, converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion, which is transmitted to the transmission and wheels to realize vehicle movement. The processing of crankshaft is extremely complex, requiring high precision and surface finish to ensure the balance and smooth running of the engine.

First, the engine crankshaft material and structure

The crankshaft of an engine is a high-strength, high-precision parts, and its material is usually steel. According to different applications and work requirements, the crankshaft steel type and chemical composition are also different. Generally speaking, the crankshaft material needs to have high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance and good toughness, in order to ensure its reliability and longevity in the high-speed, high-temperature, high-pressure and high-load operation.

The engine crankshaft is designed to consist of a number of continuous main journals and connecting rod journals attached to the sides of the main journals. These journals form a "T" shaped structure that rotates in the engine and transmits the reciprocating motion of the piston. At the same time, the crankshaft needs to take into account the loads caused by gas inertia, centrifugal force and reciprocating inertia, and is designed to withstand these loads. In order to improve the strength and stiffness of the crankshaft, the general use of cast steel crankshafts in more than six-cylinder engines, while most of the four-cylinder engines use forged steel crankshafts.

Second, the engine crankshaft common damage and preventive measures

Engine crankshafts generally do not fail, but due to long-term working conditions, crankshafts sometimes fatigue fracture and bending deformation and other phenomena, which need to be remanufactured or repair the crankshaft. The usual crankshaft repair process is to use high-precision machine tools in grinding, drilling and reaming. The process also involves the use of some specialized equipment to check the crankshaft to ensure that it meets the correct specifications and accuracy. In addition to the above mentioned roles and machining processes, maintenance of engine crankshafts is also very essential. Paying attention to the following aspects can effectively reduce engine crankshaft damage and extend the service life of the engine crankshaft.

1. When overhauling the engine, the crankshaft must be carefully checked for cracks in the stress-concentrated parts, and the instrument can be used for magnetic flaw inspection under the condition that the damage should be repaired in time.

2. When grinding the crankshaft, keep the transition angle between the journal and the crankshaft joint, and do not grind it into a sharp angle, otherwise it will produce a large stress concentration, resulting in crankshaft breakage.

3. Pay attention to the balance of the crankshaft, flywheel and clutch. When the clutch assembly is installed on the flywheel, the fixing bolts should be equipped with shims, and there should be no shaking vibration, so as to avoid deterioration of the crankshaft's working conditions.

4. Regularly check the pre-tensioning force of the fixing bolts of the bearings and flywheel. When installing the crankshaft and tightening the nut of the main bearing cover, tighten it several times according to the specified torque and sequence.

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